Halves of a Section (or subdivision thereof) are represented as N, S, E, and W (such as the north half of section 5). Aliquot Parts were used to representing the exact subdivision of each such section of land.
Aliquot Parts - Sections were then further subdivided into smaller pieces, such as halves and quarters, while still (generally) keeping the land in a square. Section Number - Townships were then further broken down into thirty-six sections of 640 acres each (one square mile) called sections, which were numbered with reference to the baseline and meridian line. Example: Township 3 North, Range 9 West, 5th Principal Meridian identifies a specific township that is 3 tiers north from the baseline and 9 tiers west (Range) of the 5th Principal Meridian. A Township is identified by this relationship to a base line and a principal meridian. The east/west identification is known as the Range. 
Townships are then numbered from the base line north and south and then from the meridian line east and west. Township and Range - Townships, a major subdivision of public lands under the rectangular survey system, measure approximately six miles on a side (thirty-six square miles).
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